Gestaltung eines Berufsausbildungskonzeptes und der Ausbildungsstruktur für ein Modell der hochqualifizierten und professionellen Berufsausbildung für den Beruf Mediengestalter/in Digital und Print an Berufsschulen in Vietnam

Kommunikationsmedien sind ein neuer Wirtschaftszweig in Vietnam, der Industrie und Dienstleistung gleichermaßen umfasst. Die Anzahl der Arbeitskräfte im Land für diesen Beruf ist im Vergleich zum tatsächlichen Bedarf sehr gering. Wegen des Booms der Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien und deren Dienstleistungspotenziale sowie der Werbung und des Marketing wird der Bedarf an Facharbeitern im Beruf Mediengestalter/-in Digital und Print in Vietnam immer größer. An den Berufsschulen und Ausbildungszentren führte man Ausbildungsgänge für den Beruf ein, deren Quantität und Qualität aber bis heute nicht ausreichend sind, um seitens der Unternehmen genügend Fachkräfte einstellen zu können. Volkswirtschaftlich gesehen, besteht ein hemmender Widerspruch zwischen den Bedarf an Fachkräften in diesen Technologien und dem in Vietnam historisch unter anderen Bedingungen entstandenem Fachkräftepotenzial. Der Widerspruch verweist auf Bedarf in der Berufsbildungsforschung, dem mit den Untersuchungen im Rahmen dieser Dissertation entsprochen wird. Erstens zielen die Untersuchungen des Verfassers (auf Makroebene) auf die Veränderung des Berufsbildes. Das vorhandene Profil des Berufsbildes ist einseitig sowie überzogen an Hard- und Softwaretechnologien orientiert und als breit einsetzbaren Beruf viel zu eng. Defizite bestehen ferner darin, dass die Arbeitskräfte mit diesem Berufsbild Anforderungen aus den technischen und wirtschaftlichen Entwicklungen sowie den Anforderungen in einer sich wandelnden Arbeitswelt nicht erfüllen können. Neue Leitideen und Ordnungsprinzipien liegen einem neu entwickelten Berufsbild zugrunde und werden im neuen Berufsbild dargestellt. Zweitens zielen die Untersuchungen darauf, Grundlagen für ein lernfeldorientiertes Curriculum zu schaffen und in einer vergleichenden Betrachtung mit dem KMK Rahmenlehrplan in Deutschland einen Lehrplan nach Lernfeldern zu strukturieren (Makroebene und z. T. Mesoebene). Zur Umsetzung eines solch lernfeldorientierten Curriculums in der Berufsbildungspolitik sind sowohl gesetzliche Ergänzungen notwendig, als auch eine stärkere, am beruflichen Handeln orientierte, berufsdidaktische Politik. Der Verfasser geht davon aus, dass nur durch ein neues Berufsbild und lernfeldorientierten Lehrplan die Lernorte beruflicher Bildung innovativ verändert werden können. Die Forschungen sind als angewandte Grundlagenforschung zu verstehen, bei der umfassend wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse aus Untersuchungen zur domänenspezifischen Berufsbildungsforschung, zur Curriculumforschung, zu bildungs- bzw. lerntheoretischen Fragestellungen sowie zu den fachlichen Grundlagen von Medientechnologien recherchiert werden mussten. Für diese Forschungsstrategie waren eine breite Literaturarbeit und analytische Arbeiten durchzuführen (Kapitel 2 bis 5). Mit dem Kapitel 6 werden in einer vergleichenden Betrachtung zwischen den Entwicklungsbedingungen in Deutschland und Vietnam diese theoretischen Ergebnisse konzeptionell zu einem weiter entwickelten Berufsbild sowie Lernfeld-Curriculum aufgearbeitet und für die Bedingungen in Vietnam spezifiziert. Abschließend wird ein strukturiertes Konzept für einen Transfer vorgeschlagen (vgl. 6.4)

Assessment of heavy metal pollution in abandoned Giap Lai pyrite mine (Phu Tho Province)

Giap Lai pyrite mine had been exploited in the period 1975 - 1999, and abandoned after the mine became closed. This work is conducted with the aim to evaluate the impacts of the abandoned mine to the environment. 23 surface water, 15 ground water and 20 soil samples from the mining area were collected for experiments. Acid production potential and metal leaching of waste materials from tailings were tested. Results show that acid rock drainage (ARD) in the old mining area still occurs, with sulfide-rich tailings and waste rocks being sources of ARD, causing elevated metal concentrations in downstream water bodies. Surface water shows significant pollution of Fe, Mn, Ni and partially As. In the rainy season, the percentage of surface water samples having low pH values as well as metal contents in samples is higher than in the dry season. Metal concentrations in ground water are generally low, but many samples have low pH values, indicating the influence of the ARD. The geo-accumulation index reveals that soil from mining area is moderately contaminated with Ni, Cu, Hg and partially As. Most of the polluted samples are located near old mining pits, waste dumps and tailing ponds. The study also shows that negative effect of Giap Lai pyrite mine on the surrounding water and soil has been ongoing. However, no post-closure remediation measures have been applied at the mine, so there must be appropriate solutions for the acid mine drainage treatment before its being discharged to the environment. Given the facts revealed by this study, it is recommended that the Environmental Protection Law should be fully implemented at mining sites not only during the exploitation but also after their closures.References AMIRA, 2002. ARD Test Handbook. Project P387A Prediction Kinetic Control of Acid  Mine Drainage. AMIRA international May 2002, 42p. Çevik, F., Göksu, M. Z. L.,  Derici, O. B., Fındık,  Ö., 2009. An assessment of metal pollution in surface sediments of Seyhan dam by using enrichment factor, geoaccumulation index and statistical analyses. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 152, 309-317. EPA, 2000. Abandoned mine site characterization and cleanup hand book, 129p, (https://yosemite.epa.gov/r10/amscch.pdf). Ghrefat, H.A., Abu-Rukah, Y., Rosen, M.A., 2011. Application of  geoaccumulation index and enrichment factor for assessing metal contamination in the sediments of Kafrain Dam, Jordan. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 178, 95-109. IAEA, 2000. Reference Sheet, reference material. Trace elements in soil. (https://nucleus.iaea.org/rpst/Documents/rs_iaea-soil-7.pdf). INAP, 2009. Global Acid Rock Drainage Guide. International Network for Acid Prevention. (http://www.gardguide.com/index.php/Main_Page). Loska, K., Wiechula, D., Korus, I. 2004. Metal contamination of farming soils affected by industry. Environment International, 30(2), 159-165. MCMPR/MCA, 2010. Strategic Framework for Managing Abandoned Mines in the Minerals Industry, http://www.industry.gov.au/resource/Mining/Documents/StrategicFrameworkforManagingAbandonedMines.pdf. Mhlongo, S.E. and Amponsah-Dacosta, F., 2015. A review of problems and solutions of abandoned mines in South Africa, International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment, DOI: 10.1080/17480930.2015.1044046. Müller, G., 1969. Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River. Geojournal 2, 108-118. Newton, G., et al, 2000. California’s Abandoned Mines. A Report on the Magnitude and Scope of the Issue in the State, Vol.1, 60p. Http://www.conservation.ca.gov/omr/abandoned_mine_lands/AML_Report/Documents/volume1textonly.pdf Nordstrom, D.K., Alpers, C.N., 1999. Geochemistry of acid mine waste. In “Review in Economic Geology, the environmental geochemistry of ore deposits”/Eds. G.S.Plumlee, M.J. Logsdon. Part A: Processes, techniques, and health issues Vol.6A, 133-160. Nowrouzi, M. and Pourkhabbaz, A., 2014. Application of geoaccumulation index and enrichment factor for assessing metal contamination in the sediments of Hara Biosphere Reserve, Iran. Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability,  26(2),99-105. Pham Tich Xuan, Nguyen Van Pho, Hoang Tuyet Nga, Doan Thi Thu Tra, Cai Van Truong, Nguyen Van Thu, Vu Manh Long, 2010. Heavy metal pollution in some metal mines in the Northern Vietnam. Procceding of Conference in commemoration of the 35th day of Establish of VAST. Environment and Energy, Hanoi, 236-244 (in Vietnamese with English abstract). Sobek, A.A., Schuller, W.A., Freeman, J.R. and Smith, R.M., 1978. Field and laboratory methods applicable to overburden and minesoils. Report EPA 600/2-78-054, US Environmental Protection Agency, 204p. Tarras-Wahlberg N.H, Lan T. Nguyen, 2008. Environmental regulatory failure and metal contamination at the Giap Lai pyrite mine, Northern Vietnam. Journal of Environmental Management, 86(4), 712-720. Tran Xuan Toan, 1963. Some characteristics of pyrite mineralization in the Giap Lai deposit, Phu Thọ. Geology 10, 18-24, Hanoi (in Vietnamese). Wei, Z., Wang, D., Zhou, H., Qi, Z., 2011. Assessment of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution with Principal Component Analysis and Geoaccumulation Index. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 10, 1946 -1952. Zawadzki, J and  P. Fabijan´czyk, P., 2013. Geostatistical evaluation of lead and zinc concentration in soils of an old mining area with complex land management. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 10, 729-742. Ziemkiewicz, P., J. Renton and T. Rymer, 1991. Prediction and Control of Acid Mine Drainage: Effect of Rock Type and Amendment. Proceedings Twelfth Annual West Virginia Surface Mine Drainage Task Force Symposium, April 3-4, Morgantown, West Virginia, Vol.1, 51-54

Review on membrane module configurations used for membrane distillation process

Nowadays, with the salient advantages of the seawater desalination process, membrane distillation (MD) technology has received increased interests to achieve desalination application. As a heat-based technology, by using the hydrophobic membrane, MD provides high efficiency in the desalination process of seawater, RO water and other solutes with high concentrations of dissolved solids. Besides, this is an alternative technology to significantly reduce the environmental impacts of traditional desalination technologies commonly used, such as distillation or reverse osmosis. In many factors affecting the desalination capacity of the membrane distillation system, membrane module configuration has a strong influence in evaluating the economic and technical efficiency of the technology. This review aims to assess the suitability of MD technology under different perspectives on the current types of membrane module configurations that include flat sheet, tubular, hollow fibre and spiral wound membranes. In addition, the evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of the membrane module configurations will guide further studies to improve the shortcomings of existing MD technologies

Study on active tectonic faults using soil radon gas method in Viet Nam

This paper presents the results of soil radon gas measurement in three areas, including Thac Ba and Song Tranh 2 hydropower plants, and the planned locations of the nuclear power plants Ninh Thuan 12 using solid-state nuclear track detectors (SSNTD) with the aim of clarifying the activity of tectonic faults in these areas. The activity of tectonic faults was assessed through radon activity index KRn (the ratio between anomaly and threshold), which was divided into 5 levels as follows ultra-high (KRn 10), high (10≥KRn 5), high (5≥KRn 3), medium (3≥KRn 2) and low (KRn≤2). Soil radon gas measurement results showed that in the radon gas concentrations in the Thac Ba hydropower plant area ranged from 72 Bq/m3 to 273.133 Bq/m3 and maximum radon activity index KRn reached 9.75 (high level). High KRn indexes show Chay River fault active in recent time and the sub-meridian distribution of Rn anomalies suggested a right-slip motion of the fault. Rn concentrations in the Ninh Thuan 12 areas ranged from 6 Bq/m3 to 52.627 Bq/m3, however, the KRn indexes were mostly low (KRn≤3) and the highest value was only 3.42, suggesting that expression of activity of the tectonic faults in this region is not clear, even no expression of fault activity. In the Song Tranh 2 hydropower plant and adjacent areas, radon concentrations ranged from 29 Bq/m3 to 77.729 Bq/m3 and maximum KRn index was 20.16 (ultra-high level). The faults having clearer activity expression are Hung Nhuong - Ta Vy, Song Tra Bong and some high order faults, especially the northwest - southeast segments of these faults or their intersections with the northwest - southeast faults. In addition, the high values KRn in the mentioned intersections can be evidenced for the activeness of northwest - southeast faults at the present time. The studies on active faults using soil radon gas method were performed in areas with very different geological and structural features, but the results are well consistent with the results of previous investigations obtained by other methods. It confirmed the effectiveness and capability of soil radon gas geochemistry applying to study active tectonic faults.ReferencesAl-Hilal M., Al-Ali A., 2010. The role of soil gas radon survey in exploring unknown subsurface faults at Afamia B dam, Syria. Radiat. Meas, 45, 219-224.Amponsah,   P.,   Banoeng-Yakubo,   B.,   Andam,   A., Asiedu, D.,  2008. Soil  radon  concentration along fault systems in parts of south eastern Ghana. J. Afr. Earth Sci. 51, 39-48.Asumadu-Sakyi A.B., Fletcher J.J., Oppon O.C., Qua- shie F.K., Wordson D.A., Adjei C.A., Amartey E.O., Darko E.O. and Amponsah P.,  2011. Preliminary Studies on Geological Fault Location Using Solid State Nuclear Track Detection. Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences, 3(1), 24-31.Baubron, J.-C., Rigo, A., Toutain, J.-P., 2002. Soil gas profiles as a tool to characterize active tectonic are- as: the Jaut Pass example (Pyrenees, France). Earth Planet. Sci. Lett, 196, 69-81.Burton, M., Neri, M., Condarelli, D., 2004. High spatial resolution radon measurements reveal hidden active faults on Mt. Etna. Geophys. Res. Lett, 31, L07618.Ciotoli,  G.,  Etiope,  G.,  Guerra,  M.    Lombardi, S., 1999. The detection of concealed faults in the Ofan- to basin using the correlation between soil gas fracture surveys.   Tectonophysics,  299(3-4), 321-332.Ciotoli, G., Lombardi, S. Annunziatellis, A., 2007. Geostatistical analysis of soil gas data in a high seismic intermontane basin:     Fucino     Plain, central Italy. J. Geophys. Res., 112, B05407, doi:10.1029/2005JB004044.Font, L., Baixeras, C., Moreno, V., Bach, J., 2008. Soil radon levels across the Amer fault. Radiat. Meas, 43, 319-323.Geological and Mineral Resources Map of Viet Nam on 1:200,000, 2005. Published by Department of Geology and Minerals of Viet Nam, Ha Noi, Lists: Yen Bai (F-48-XXI), Tuyen Quang (F-48-XXII), Quang Ngai (D-49-VIIVIII), Hoi An (D-49-I), Da Lat - Cam Ranh (C-49-III).Ghosh D., Deb A. and Sengupta R., 2009. Anomalous radon emission as precursor of earthquake. J. Appl. Geophys., 69, 67-81.González-Díez, A., Soto, J., Gómez-Arozamena, J., Bonachea, J., Martínez-Díaz, J.J., Cuesta, J.A.,Olague, I., Remondo, J., Fernández Maroto, G., Díaz de Terán, J.R., 2009. Identification of latent faults  using  a  radon  test.  Geomorphology,  110,11‐19.Haerudin N, Wahyudi, Munadi S., Suryanto W., 2013. A Soil Gas Radon Survey to Determine Fault at Southern Part of  Rajabasa Geothermal Field, Lampung Indonesia. International Journal of Engineering Technology IJET-IJENS, 13(1), 75-81.Hauksson E., 1981. Radon content of groundwater as an earthquake precursor: evaluation of worldwide data and physical basis. J. Geophys. Res., 86, 9397-9410.Ioannides, K., Papachristodoulou, C., Stamoulis, K., Ka- ramanis, D., Pavlides, S., Chatzipetros, A., Karakala, E., 2003. Soil gas radon: a tool for exploring active fault zones. Appl. Radiat. Isot, 59, 205-213.Israel H. and Bjornsson S., 1967. Radon (Rn-222) and thoron (Rn-220) in soil air over faults. Z. Geophys, 33, 48-64.Kemski, J., Siehl, A., Stegemann, R., Valdivia- Manchego, M., 2001. Mapping the geogenic radon potential in Germany.  Sci.  Total  Environ,  272, 217-230.King  C.Y.,  1978.  Radon emanation on  San  Andreas fault. Nature, 271, 516-519.King, C.Y., King, B.S., Evans, W.C., 1996. Spatial radon anomalies on active faults in California. Appl. Geochem, 11, 497-510.Laskar I., Phukon P., Goswami A.K., Chetry G. and Roy U.C.,   2011.   A possible link between radon anomaly and earthquake. Geochemical Journal, 45, 439-446.Lombardi, S., Voltattorni, N., 2010. Rn, He and CO2 soil gas geochemistry for the study of active and inactive faults. Appl. Geochem, 25, 1206-1220.Moussa M.M., Arabi A-G. M. E., 2003. Soil radon survey for tracing active fault: a case study along Qena- Safaga road, East Desert, Egypt. Radiat. Meas, 37,211-216.Papastefanou C., 2010. Variation of radon flux along active fault zones in association with earthquake occurrence. Radiat. Meas, 45, 943-951.Nguyen Dang Tuc, 2000. Kinematic characteristics of the Red River - Chay River fault zone in Cenozoic.  Journal of  Sciences of the Earth,  22, 174-180 (in Vietnamese).Nguyen Van Pho, Nguyen Trong Yem, 1996. Gas geochemical approach in study of the activity of Red River fault system.  Journal of Geology,  Ha  Noi, series A, 236, 9-10.Nguyen Van Pho, Hoang Tuyet Nga, 1996. Some results of the micro geodynamic maping in Thac Ba area by using of nuclear track detector method. In Geology - Resources, Sci. and Tech. Publishing house, Ha Noi, , 187-191.Nguyen Van Pho, Hoang Thi Tuyet Nga, Doan Thi Thu Tra, 1999. Study on the stability of Thac Ba hy- drpopower dam by using nuclear track detector method. Journal of Geology, Ha Noi, Series B, 13-14, 270-271.Nguyen Van Pho, Hoang Thi Tuyet Nga, Nguyen Trung Minh, Doan Thi Thu Tra, Vu Manh Long, Le Thanh Chung,  Nguyen  Dinh  Xuyen,  Pham  An  Cuong, 2004. Results of radon continuous measurements in soil gas at the North-Western area. Journal of  Sciences of the Earth, 26, 653-656 ( in Vietnamese).Nguyen Trong Yem, 1996. Regimes of tectonic stress field during Cenozoi in Vietnam. Journal of Geology, Ha Noi, series A, 236, 1-6.Reimann C., Filzmoser P., Garrett R.G., 2005. Background and threshold: critical comparison of methods of determination. Science of the Total Environment, 346, 1-3, 1-16.Richon P., Klinger Y., Tapponnier P., Li C.X., Van Der Woerd J., Perrier F., 2010. Measuring radon flux across active faults: Relevance of excavating and possibility of satellite. Radiation Measurements, 45, 211-218.Riggio A., and Santulin M., 2015. Earthquake forecasting: a review of radon as seismic precursor. Bollettino di Geofisica Teorica ed Applicata, 56(2), 95-114.Seminsky K.Zh., Demberel S., 2013. The first estimations of soil-radon activity near faults in Central  Mongolia.  Radiation  Measurements,  49, 19-34.Swakón, J., Kozak, K., Paszkowski, M., Gradzinski, R., Loskiewicz,  J.,  Mazur,  J.,  Janik,  M.,  Bogacz,  J.,Horwacik, T., Olko, P., 2004. Radon concentration in soil gas around local disjunctive tectonic zones in the Krakow area. J. Environ. Radioact, 78, 137-149.Tanner, A.B., 1980. Radon migration in the ground: A supplementary review, in Gesell, T.F., and Lowder, W.M., eds., Natural Radiation Environment III: U.S. Dept. Energy Rept. CONF-780422, 1, 5-56.Toutain J.P., Baubron J.C., 1999. Gas geochemistry and seismotectonics:  a   review.   Tectonophysics  304, 1-27.Tran Trong Hue, 1996. First results of research present geodynamics by soil gas radon method. In Geology - Resource, Ha Noi, 1, 179-185.Tran Trong Hue, 1999. Characteristics of radon radioactive gas in Song Ma fault zone. Journal of Sciences of the Earth, 123-128.Tung S., Leung J. K. C., Jiao J. J., Wiegand J., Wartenberg W., 2013. Assessment of soil radon potential in Hong Kong, China, using a 10-point evaluation system.   Environmental   Earth   Sciences,   68(3), 679-689.Tran Van Duong, Tran Trong Hue, 1996. Some results of the investigation active faults in the South Central Viet  Nam by radon method.  Journal of  Science of the Earth, 18, 276-288.Tran Van Tri, Vu Khuc et al., 2009. Geology and earth resources of Viet Nam. Publishing House for Science and Technology, Ha Noi, 645.Utkin V.I., Yurkov A.K., 2010. Radon as a tracer of tectonic movements. Russian Geology and Geophysics, 51, 220-227.Wakita H., Nakamura Y., Notsu K., Noguchi M. and Asada T., 1980. Radon anomaly: a possible precursor of the 1978 Izu-Oshimakinkai earthquake. Sci., 207, 882-883.Walia V., Mahajan S., Kumar A., Singh S., Singh Bajwa B., Dhar S., Yang T.F., 2008. Fault delineation study using soil gas method in the Dharamsala area, NW Himalayas, India . Radiat. Meas, 43, 337-342.Wang X., Li Y., Du J., Zhou X., 2014. Correlations be- tween radon in soil gas and the activity of seismo- genic faults in the Tangshan area, North China. Ra- diation Measurements, 60, 8-14

CAMELLIA SINENSIS VAR. MADOENSIS (SECT. THEA, THEACEAE), A NEW TAXON FROM VIETNAM

Camellia sinensis var. madoensis is described and illustrated as a new variety of Camellia sinensis (section Thea, Theaceae) from Xuan Loc Commune, Song Cau District, Phu Yen Province. The new variety is easily distinguishable from C. sinensis var. sinensis by style free ½ to the base. The ITS sequence of this variety is also different from that of Camellia sinensis and its other varieties, while the matK gene sequences are nearly identical among Camellia taxa

Environmental isues of mining activities in Tay Nguyen

Intensive mining activities, specially illegal, negatively affect environment in Tay Nguyen. Mining of gold and tin placers, sand and pebble disturbed the landscape, changed river bed caussing river bank erosion. Exploited wastes from mine, for example, kaolin mine in Loc Chau (Lam Dong province) destroyed and retrograded tea land. There observed evidences of acid mine drainage and pollution of heavy metal including Cu, Pb, Hg, et.c in surface water, stream sediments and soils from some gold mines such as Dak Ripen (Kon Tum), Krong A (Dak Lak) and Tra Nang (Lam Dong). Main causes of mining environmental problems are failure of management, so the first and most important measure of mitigation is to improve the management of mining activities.ReferencesBorisenko A.S., Trần Trọng Hòa, V.I. Vasilev, N.K. Morsev, Vũ Văn Vấn, Ngô Thị Phượng, Hoàng Hữu Thành, Trần Tuấn Anh, Phạm Thị Dung, 2008: Phát hiện lần đầu tiên khoáng vật Jonassonite - AuBi5S4 ở Việt Nam. Tạp chí Các Khoa học về Trái Đất, T.30, (3), tr.193-198. Damigos D., 2006: An overview of environmental valuation methods for the mining industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 14, Issues 3-4, P. 234-247 Dixon-Hardy, D.W. Engels, J.M., 2007: Guidelines and Recommendations for the Safe Operation of Tailings Management Facilities. - Environmental Engineering Science, 24 (5), 14-26. Doolittle, J.J., Frisbee, N.M. and Hossner, L.R., 1992: Evaluation of acid-base accounting techniques used in surface-mine reclamation, Proc. 1992 Meeting of the American Society of Surface Mining and Reclamation, 14-18 June, Duluth, MN, p68-76. Trần Trọng Hòa, Ngô Thi Phượng, Borisenko A.S., Izokh A.E., Vũ Văn Vấn, Bùi Ấn Niên, Trần Tuấn Anh, Phạm Thị Dung, 2005: Đặc điểm địa hóa-đồng vị của quặng hóa vàng Mesozoi sớm và Mesozoi muộn trong mối liên quan với hoạt động magma rìa Đông Nam địa khối Đông Dương. Tạp chí Địa chất, Loạt A, số 295, tr.15-24. Nguyễn Kim Hoàng, Nguyễn Văn Mài, 2010: Đặc điểm khoáng hóa và triển vọng vàng gốc Trà Năng, tỉnh Lâm Đồng. Đại học Quốc gia Tp. HCM. Nilsson J-A, Randhem J., 2008: Environmental Impacts and Health Aspects in the Mining Industry. Department of Energy and Environment. Division of Environmental Systems Analysis. Chambers University of Technology. Göteborg, Sweden, 2008. publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/85984.pdf‎ Plumlee, G.S. and Nash, J.T., 1995: Geoenvironmental models of mineral deposits--fundamentals and applications. U.S. Geol. Survey Open-File Report 95-831, p.1-18. Lê Văn Thành, 2004: Khai thác khoáng sản và tác động đến môi trường. Địa chất, N.281 Vũ Văn Vấn, Trần Trọng Hòa, A.S. Borisenko, Ngô Thị Phượng, Trần Tuấn Anh, Trần Hồng Lam, Đặng Trung Thuận, Phạm Thị Dung, 2007: Quặng hóa vàng Tà Năng, đới cấu trúc Đà Lạt: Điều kiện hình thành và bối cảnh địa động lực. Tạp chí Các Khoa học về Trái Đất, T.29, (2), tr.154-160. Báo cáo hiện trạng môi trường tỉnh Lâm Đồng giai đoạn 2006 - 2010: Sở Tài nguyên và Môi trường Lâm Đồng. http://www.lamdong.gov.vn/vi-VN/a/sotnmt/du-lieu-so/moi-truong/Pages/baocaohientrang2006-2010.aspx. Guidebook for Evaluating Mining Project EIAs, 2010: www.elaw.org/files/mining-eia-guidebook/Chapter1.pdf Global Acid Rock Drainage Guide (http://www.gardguide.com/index.php/Main_Page) UNEP, 1997: Industry and environment, mining and sustainable development. http://www.uneptie.org/vol20no4.htmO; 1997.

CAMELLIA SINENSIS VAR. MADOENSIS (SECT. THEA, THEACEAE), A NEW TAXON FROM VIETNAM

Camellia sinensis var. madoensis is described and illustrated as a new variety of Camellia sinensis (section Thea, Theaceae) from Xuan Loc Commune, Song Cau District, Phu Yen Province. The new variety is easily distinguishable from C. sinensis var. sinensis by style free ½ to the base. The ITS sequence of this variety is also different from that of Camellia sinensis and its other varieties, while the matK gene sequences are nearly identical among Camellia taxa.Camellia sinensis var. madoensis được mô tả và minh họa với vai trò là một thứ mới của Camellia sinensis (section Thea, Theaceae) ghi nhận tại xã Xuân Lộc, huyện Sông Cầu, tỉnh Phú Yên. Thứ mới này có thể dễ dàng phân biệt với C. sinensis var. sinensis bởi vòi nhụy rời ½ tính từ đế. Trình tự ITS của thứ này cũng khác với Camellia sinensis và các thứ khác của nó

Differential Cytotoxicity of Curcumin-Loaded Micelles on Human Tumor and Stromal Cells

peer reviewedAlthough curcumin in the form of nanoparticles has been demonstrated as a potential anti-tumor compound, the impact of curcumin and nanocurcumin in vitro on normal cells and in vivo in animal models is largely unknown. This study evaluated the toxicity of curcumin-loaded micelles in vitro and in vivo on several tumor cell lines, primary stromal cells, and zebrafish embryos. Breast tumor cell line (MCF7) and stromal cells (human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells, human fibroblasts, and human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells) were used in this study. A zebrafish embryotoxicity (FET) assay was conducted following the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Test 236. Compared to free curcumin, curcumin PM showed higher cytotoxicity to MCF7 cells in both monolayer culture and multicellular tumor spheroids. The curcumin-loaded micelles efficiently penetrated the MCF7 spheroids and induced apoptosis. The nanocurcumin reduced the viability and disturbed the function of stromal cells by suppressing cell migration and tube formation. The micelles demonstrated toxicity to the development of zebrafish embryos. Curcumin-loaded micelles demonstrated toxicity to both tumor and normal primary stromal cells and zebrafish embryos, indicating that the use of nanocurcumin in cancer treatment should be carefully investigated and controlled.3. Good health and well-bein

The immunogenicity of plant-based COE-GCN4pII protein in pigs against the highly virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain from genotype 2

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a serious infectious causative agent in swine, especially in neonatal piglets. PEDV genotype 2 (G2) strains, particularly G2a, were the primary causes of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) outbreaks in Vietnam. Here, we produced a plant-based CO-26K-equivalent epitope (COE) variant from a Vietnamese highly virulent PEDV strain belonging to genotype 2a (COE/G2a) and evaluated the protective efficacy of COE/G2a-GCN4pII protein (COE/G2a-pII) in piglets against the highly virulent PEDV G2a strain following passive immunity. The 5-day-old piglets had high levels of PEDV-specific IgG antibodies, COE-IgA specific antibodies, neutralizing antibodies, and IFN-γ responses. After virulent challenge experiments, all of these piglets survived and had normal clinical symptoms, no watery diarrhea in feces, and an increase in their body weight, while all of the negative control piglets died. These results suggest that the COE/G2a-pII protein produced in plants can be developed as a promising vaccine candidate to protect piglets against PEDV G2a infection in Vietnam

Gestaltung eines Berufsausbildungskonzeptes und der Ausbildungsstruktur für ein Modell der hochqualifizierten und professionellen Berufsausbildung für den Beruf Mediengestalter/in Digital und Print an Berufsschulen in Vietnam

Kommunikationsmedien sind ein neuer Wirtschaftszweig in Vietnam, der Industrie und Dienstleistung gleichermaßen umfasst. Die Anzahl der Arbeitskräfte im Land für diesen Beruf ist im Vergleich zum tatsächlichen Bedarf sehr gering. Wegen des Booms der Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien und deren Dienstleistungspotenziale sowie der Werbung und des Marketing wird der Bedarf an Facharbeitern im Beruf Mediengestalter/-in Digital und Print in Vietnam immer größer. An den Berufsschulen und Ausbildungszentren führte man Ausbildungsgänge für den Beruf ein, deren Quantität und Qualität aber bis heute nicht ausreichend sind, um seitens der Unternehmen genügend Fachkräfte einstellen zu können. Volkswirtschaftlich gesehen, besteht ein hemmender Widerspruch zwischen den Bedarf an Fachkräften in diesen Technologien und dem in Vietnam historisch unter anderen Bedingungen entstandenem Fachkräftepotenzial. Der Widerspruch verweist auf Bedarf in der Berufsbildungsforschung, dem mit den Untersuchungen im Rahmen dieser Dissertation entsprochen wird. Erstens zielen die Untersuchungen des Verfassers (auf Makroebene) auf die Veränderung des Berufsbildes. Das vorhandene Profil des Berufsbildes ist einseitig sowie überzogen an Hard- und Softwaretechnologien orientiert und als breit einsetzbaren Beruf viel zu eng. Defizite bestehen ferner darin, dass die Arbeitskräfte mit diesem Berufsbild Anforderungen aus den technischen und wirtschaftlichen Entwicklungen sowie den Anforderungen in einer sich wandelnden Arbeitswelt nicht erfüllen können. Neue Leitideen und Ordnungsprinzipien liegen einem neu entwickelten Berufsbild zugrunde und werden im neuen Berufsbild dargestellt. Zweitens zielen die Untersuchungen darauf, Grundlagen für ein lernfeldorientiertes Curriculum zu schaffen und in einer vergleichenden Betrachtung mit dem KMK Rahmenlehrplan in Deutschland einen Lehrplan nach Lernfeldern zu strukturieren (Makroebene und z. T. Mesoebene). Zur Umsetzung eines solch lernfeldorientierten Curriculums in der Berufsbildungspolitik sind sowohl gesetzliche Ergänzungen notwendig, als auch eine stärkere, am beruflichen Handeln orientierte, berufsdidaktische Politik. Der Verfasser geht davon aus, dass nur durch ein neues Berufsbild und lernfeldorientierten Lehrplan die Lernorte beruflicher Bildung innovativ verändert werden können. Die Forschungen sind als angewandte Grundlagenforschung zu verstehen, bei der umfassend wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse aus Untersuchungen zur domänenspezifischen Berufsbildungsforschung, zur Curriculumforschung, zu bildungs- bzw. lerntheoretischen Fragestellungen sowie zu den fachlichen Grundlagen von Medientechnologien recherchiert werden mussten. Für diese Forschungsstrategie waren eine breite Literaturarbeit und analytische Arbeiten durchzuführen (Kapitel 2 bis 5). Mit dem Kapitel 6 werden in einer vergleichenden Betrachtung zwischen den Entwicklungsbedingungen in Deutschland und Vietnam diese theoretischen Ergebnisse konzeptionell zu einem weiter entwickelten Berufsbild sowie Lernfeld-Curriculum aufgearbeitet und für die Bedingungen in Vietnam spezifiziert. Abschließend wird ein strukturiertes Konzept für einen Transfer vorgeschlagen (vgl. 6.4)